Geodesics on Lie Groups: Euler Equations and Totally Geodesic Subgroups

The geodesic motion on a Lie group equipped with a left or right invariant Riemannian metric is governed by the Euler-Arnold equation. This paper investigates conditions on the metric in order for a given subgroup to be totally geodesic. Results on the construction and characterisation of such metrics are given. The setting works both in the classical finite dimensional case, and in the category of infinite dimensional Fréchet Lie groups, in which diffeomorphism groups are included. Using the framework we give new examples of both finite and infinite dimensional totally geodesic subgroups. In particular, based on the cross helicity, we construct right invariant metrics such that a given subgroup of exact volume preserving diffeomorphisms is totally geodesic. The paper also gives a general framework for the representation of Euler-Arnold equations in arbitrary choice of dual pairing.